A very belated response (I'm cleaning up my hopelessly backed-up email), but... I can't speak to Islamic culture, but I've read about the importance of the scholarly aspect of masculinity to Asian / Confucian / Chinese culture. The specific example I remember is that Bruce Lee was seen as super-masculine in the West, because he was all muscles, fighting, and cool, but sometimes as insufficiently masculine in the East, because his screen persona lacked that intellectual, scholarly, poetic component.