New Scientist on Fundamentalism
Oct. 22nd, 2005 06:19 pm![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
dreamer_easyNew Scientist recently (8 October 2005) ran a series of articles about Fundamentalist* religious belief. The articles were courteous about those beliefs and their adherents (and one piece discussed scientists' tendency to overestimate their omniscience), while still strongly challenging moves from some Fundamentalist quarters to get rid of science. I want to summarise a few key points here.
Three crucial things to know and my suggestions:
- Studies find few differences between Fundamentalists and the rest of us. They are no less sane, smart, sincere, and happy than the average person. Many of them hold comparatively "liberal" political views. Treat them with basic courtesy.
- Fundamentalist theology is not accepted by mainstream religions. Don't equate "religion" or "Christianity" with Fundamentalism or Creationism.
- There is a well-organised, well-funded political Fundamentalist movement, trying to have Intelligent Design taught as science and climate change dismissed as "superstition", with the ultimate goal of replacing science with "faith-based reasoning". Religion should be respected and taught - but not in science classrooms.
Fundamentalist believers are not a faceless bloc of crazy right-wing arseholes. One survey of Christian fundamentalists in the US found that nearly half opposed banning stem cell research, and their opinions on abortion and homosexuality were about the same as the general population. Studies have shown that Fundamentalists are not insane or stupid. They're not more likely than the rest of us to worship or obey authority figures. They're not more likely to be racist ("homophobic is a different matter"). Their thinking is no more simplistic than anyone else's. They're well-balanced, with little depression and anxiety and high scores for marital happines, optimism, and self-control. Now it's a cinch to Google up examples of vicious, illogical, unpleasant, loopy, money-grubbing Fundamentalists - but the thing to remember is that for the most part they are "happy, sincere, and healthy". They are no more devils than those of us in the "reality-based community".
One expert suggests that Fundamentalism arises out of "small group dynamics rather than personal psychology or indoctrination": a group of fellow believers become a "family" and it becomes enormously important to maintain and protect that family.
Another expert noted that "traditional religions... are geared to the needs of people in traditional agrarian societies... They see life as cyclical, not progressive..." This alarmed me a little, because it made me think at once of Paganism, with its emphasis on seasonal cycles and ideas of a golden age of agriculture and peace. OTOH, Neo-Paganism is very much a product of the "modernity" with which those traditional beliefs painfully collide: "pluralism and tolerance of other faiths, non-traditional gender roles and sexual behaviour, reliance on human reason rather than divine revelation, and democracy, which grants power to people rather than God." That collision must seem like the world has turned upside down.
Why claim a scientific basis for Fundamentalist beliefs? Because it's the dominant world view. "... a certain level of evidence is required in order for knowledge to count... they 'science-up' their faith, framing it in a way that they think ought to make sense to a scientific culture." But Fundamentalists have "failed to gain intellectual acceptance even within mainstream Christian scholarship" and their beliefs are "widely considered as irrelevant to modern theology as it is to modern science."
For some Fundamentalists, science is also politically inconvenient. George Gilder of the Discovery Institute describes climate change, pollution, and ozone depletion as "chimeras of popular science" - that is, imaginary monsters. A leaked document from the Institute on Religion and Democracy describes discrediting the Kyoto accord as a top priority.
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* A note on terms: some folks prefer to be called evangelical Christians, Bible-believing Christians etc. (There may be Islamic equivalents of which I'm ignorant.) I mean no offence by using the catch-all term "Fundamentalist".
Three crucial things to know and my suggestions:
- Studies find few differences between Fundamentalists and the rest of us. They are no less sane, smart, sincere, and happy than the average person. Many of them hold comparatively "liberal" political views. Treat them with basic courtesy.
- Fundamentalist theology is not accepted by mainstream religions. Don't equate "religion" or "Christianity" with Fundamentalism or Creationism.
- There is a well-organised, well-funded political Fundamentalist movement, trying to have Intelligent Design taught as science and climate change dismissed as "superstition", with the ultimate goal of replacing science with "faith-based reasoning". Religion should be respected and taught - but not in science classrooms.
Fundamentalist believers are not a faceless bloc of crazy right-wing arseholes. One survey of Christian fundamentalists in the US found that nearly half opposed banning stem cell research, and their opinions on abortion and homosexuality were about the same as the general population. Studies have shown that Fundamentalists are not insane or stupid. They're not more likely than the rest of us to worship or obey authority figures. They're not more likely to be racist ("homophobic is a different matter"). Their thinking is no more simplistic than anyone else's. They're well-balanced, with little depression and anxiety and high scores for marital happines, optimism, and self-control. Now it's a cinch to Google up examples of vicious, illogical, unpleasant, loopy, money-grubbing Fundamentalists - but the thing to remember is that for the most part they are "happy, sincere, and healthy". They are no more devils than those of us in the "reality-based community".
One expert suggests that Fundamentalism arises out of "small group dynamics rather than personal psychology or indoctrination": a group of fellow believers become a "family" and it becomes enormously important to maintain and protect that family.
Another expert noted that "traditional religions... are geared to the needs of people in traditional agrarian societies... They see life as cyclical, not progressive..." This alarmed me a little, because it made me think at once of Paganism, with its emphasis on seasonal cycles and ideas of a golden age of agriculture and peace. OTOH, Neo-Paganism is very much a product of the "modernity" with which those traditional beliefs painfully collide: "pluralism and tolerance of other faiths, non-traditional gender roles and sexual behaviour, reliance on human reason rather than divine revelation, and democracy, which grants power to people rather than God." That collision must seem like the world has turned upside down.
Why claim a scientific basis for Fundamentalist beliefs? Because it's the dominant world view. "... a certain level of evidence is required in order for knowledge to count... they 'science-up' their faith, framing it in a way that they think ought to make sense to a scientific culture." But Fundamentalists have "failed to gain intellectual acceptance even within mainstream Christian scholarship" and their beliefs are "widely considered as irrelevant to modern theology as it is to modern science."
For some Fundamentalists, science is also politically inconvenient. George Gilder of the Discovery Institute describes climate change, pollution, and ozone depletion as "chimeras of popular science" - that is, imaginary monsters. A leaked document from the Institute on Religion and Democracy describes discrediting the Kyoto accord as a top priority.
__
* A note on terms: some folks prefer to be called evangelical Christians, Bible-believing Christians etc. (There may be Islamic equivalents of which I'm ignorant.) I mean no offence by using the catch-all term "Fundamentalist".
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Date: 2005-10-23 12:59 am (UTC)If my husband's Evolution professor at university had the freedom to mock the idea of special creation (and specifically target those students who believed in it), why shouldn't equally well-educated professors who hold a different view of the evidence be allowed to present their side of the argument in an academic setting? Don't they have just as much right to say, and write, that in their view much scientific evidence points to an intelligent Designer of some sort, rather than just a long series of incredibly fortunate accidents?
ID proponents do have that right, of course and they use it - publishing their views in non-science academic journals and popular books. (To be published in science journals, they would need to do experiments or research.)
Why that professor brought up Creationism at all in a class about evolution I have no idea - it certainly wouldn't have been part of the curriculum. (Unless someone tried to do Big Daddy?) Making fun of silly claims, as you and I both do, is one thing; picking on individual students is quite another. However, fair is fair; if the biology prof is allowed to act that way, nothing stops the divinity prof or the philosophy prof from making fun of evolution and students who accept it in their classes!