I have an awful lot of scholarly articles photocopied at the uni library and stuffed into folders. Out of the whole lot my favourite title is
Attitudes Toward Deviant Sex in Ancient Mesopotamia (Vern L. Bullough,
The Journal of Sex Research 7(3) August 1971 pp 184-203.), which I've just been re-reading.
It has long fascinated me that negativity towards homosexuality and prostitution haven't always been part of the West - those attitudes had to be
invented, they were innovations. In Mesopotamia, the picture is one of change from a sexually free society into a much more, erm, rigid one. There are lots of gaps in our knowledge, lots of problems with interpretation, but that's the broad picture. Plus there are huge contrasts with their neighbours the Hebrews, whose sexual mores may be a direct reaction against Mesopotamian practices ("they do it, so we
don't").
( In more detail... )